Specified Scale

         I.      Major traverse                :1:1000

      II.      Minor traverse                :1:500

Contour interval               : 0.5 m, im (for hill side)

  III.      Bridge Site Survey

Topographical map     :1:500
Contour interval          :1.00

Longitudinal-section
Horizontal scale        :1:500
Vertical scale             :1:100

Rivercross-section
Horizontal scale        :1:500
Vertical scale             : 1:100

IV.    Road Survey

Detail survey        :1:500

Longitudinal-section
Horizontal scale   :1:500
Vertical scale        :1:100

Cross-section
Horizontal scale   :1:200
Vertical scale        : 1:200 or 1:100

Maximum gradient                 :12% in 1 OOm

Radius of curve                      : 12 m (not less than it)

All these specifications are the minimum requirements. If we can do all these task accurately then these apply these requirements. It will still better for doing so but if we can’t do so our aim should be fulfilled at least these requirements. Thus there are not those limitations, beyond which are not required to improve while performing the specified job.

SPECIFICATION OF WORKS AND GIVEN DATA

The following technical specifications were carried out during the work.

a.     Number of station should be selected in such a way that at least one station is visible from one forward and one backward station.

b.     Number of station should be selected less as far as possible.

c.      The ratio of traverse leg should not more than twice of minimum traverse leg. (1:2)

d.     Two-way measurements of traverse legs were taken with in the permissible limit of 1:2000.

e.      The permissible angular error of sum of interior /exterior traverse angles should be as

Major traverse                        

Minor traverse                        

Bridge site Triangulation                  

f.       Bowditch’s Rule should do balancing of traverse.

g.     Major traverse stations should be selected in such a way that at least one if its legs should be common leg for the minor traverse .i.e. minor traverse is in major traverse.

h.     Fixation of major/minor traverse is done by consecutive coordinate method on perfectly drawn grid line.

i.       R.L of common Temporary Bench Mark (TBM) is found out by fly leveling from the B.M. The fly leveling should be done in two ways. The permissible error in leveling should not be greater than ±2.5’Jk. Where, k=distance in km. In this case only central reading should be taken should transfer the R.L of all the major traverse station.

j.       In minor traverse, tachometer and plane tabling should take the detailing.

k.     The selection of IP should be at least visible one forward and one backward from one IP.

l.       Establishing of control points forming well condition triangle on bridge site survey. Detailing of the area is 150 m upstream and about 100 m downstream from the axis of bridge were taken by tachometer.

m.  Reciprocal leveling and fly leveling should be done in road site and bridge site survey for checking.

n.     After computation of all fields’ observations, following specified scale should used for plotting:

TRANSPORT NECESSITY AT CAMP

For major and minor traverse, Transportation was not needed as it was done inside the NEA training center but for the bridge and road alignment, we had gone to Godawari at 7 am from Kharipati, so in that time we need a transportation so that we could easily accessible and all the equipments which was needed for survey were taken to Godawari.

EQUIPMENTS USED

Basically, we had practiced about all types of equipments that might be used in the field of survey. Some of them are mentioned below:

Ø THEODOLITE (DIGITAL AND ANALOG)

Ø LEVELING INSTRUMENT (AUTO LEVEL)

Ø COMPASS

Ø STAFFS (4M AND 5M)

Ø RANGING RODS

Ø PEGS

Ø ARROWS

Ø MEASURING TAPES (20M AND 50M)

Ø UMBRELLA

Ø KHURPA

Ø PLANE TABLE

Ø PLUMB-BOB

Ø PAINTS AND BRUSH

Ø ARROWS

TIME DURATION OF THE WORK

The survey camp is for 10 days, This much time is not sufficient for completing our whole work, if 2 or 3 more days will be available then we can complete our work.

DAILY SCHEDULE OF DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES

Project Title                   : Survey Camp 2005

Location                         : NEA Training Centre, Kharipati, Bhaktapur & Godawari, Lalit pur.

Duration                        : 14^th April to 23^rd April (10 days)

Daily routine

06:30 to 07:00               : Break fast.

07:00 to 11:30               : Survey work.

11:30 to 12:30               : Lunch (in rotation , without stopping work.)

12:30 to 19:30               : Survey work.

19:30 to 20:30               : Dinner

20:30 to 21:30               : Night class

21:30 to onward            : Calculations (till going to bed)

TEACHERS ALLOCATION AND SUPERVISION

During the survey camp our teachers located the area to be surveyed for major and minor traverse, road and bridge survey and detailing of the area. During the work, the teacher solve each and every problem, and they were came to see us whether we perform the work or not. Whenever we are in confused they solve it and we were success to complete our work.

Teachers and Field Instructor                                       Subordinating Staffs

Mr. Shova Kant Dev ( Asso. Prof., P.U.)             Mr. Krishna Bahadur Bhadel 

Mr. Jaya Ram Joshi (Assistant Professor, P.U.) Mr. Pradeep Thapa

Organized By                                                              Coordinator
Survey Instruction Committee                                       Mr. Shova Kant Dcv.

Surveying Department

Department of Civil Engineering

Nepal Engineering College

Duwakot, Changunarayan V.D. C., Bhaktapur

GROUP DIVISION AMONG STUDENTS

There were nine groups and four students in each group. Each group works separately. They are named as A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I and J. We belong to group (I).

GROUP MEMBERS

S.N.	NAME	ROLL NO.
1.	SHIVA RAM DHAKAL	02-137
2.	NABIN RAJ BHANDARI	02-109
3.	SURESH ADHIKARI	02-134
4.	NABI BASNET	02-108
5.	MD. FIROZ	02-143

WORKING SCHEDULE FOR GROUP I

S.N.	DATE	DAILY FIELD WORK
j	4th April	Reccee and Pegging Day
2.	15th April	Major traversing Day.
3.	l6th April	Road Alignment, Pegging Survey Day.
4	17th April	Road Alignment and detailing Survey.
5	18th April	River, Bridge Site and detailing Survey.
6	19th April	Major Traversing Day.
7	20th April	Leveling Day.
8	21St April	Minor Traverse and Detailing Day.
9	22nd April	Minor Traverse and Detailing Day.
10.	23nd April	Curve setting ,Two peg test, Evaluation Day

Ø 14^th  April, Reccee day: - Since it was the first day of our project work. In that day our teachers gave us a brief explanation about the survey work. Then, we made the reccee of the whole camp area three times in order to make the traverse legs with in 1:2 ratio of the minimum to maximum traverse distance. After that we started pegging to cover the whole area for major traverse as far as possible. We also recce for the minor traverse of the given area and pegging were also done. Some of legs, two-way tape measurements of the control points were also noted.

Ø 15^th April, Major traversing day: - The chaining of all the traverse legs were measured as Two-way measurement. Then, we started to measure the angles and distances of the traverse with the help of Theodolite. For that we take the two-sets (Face-Left and Face- Right) of reading from each station.

Ø l6^th April, 17th April, Road alignment day: - On that day we first aligned the road on given route with the help of abney level and compass and pegging was done for control points simultaneously. Some curve settings were also done on that day. The cross-sections were taken at every 15 meters intervals and at the curve setting also. The chainage of the road aligned was also noted. After finishing the road alignment work, we immediately started bridge site surveying by using different methodologies.

Ø l8^th April, Bridge site surveying day:- The triangulation, Profile leveling of river, Lsection (U/S 150m & D/S lOOm @ 25m), X-section, detailing, high flood level, the river bank was noted on that day.

Ø 19^th April, Major traversing day: - the remaining work on 15th April, angle and distance measurements were continued on that day.

Ø 2O^th April, Leveling day: - On that day the fly leveling were done to transfer the given R.L. at Krishna Mandir to the T.B.M. inside the campus area near the main gate. To do that first two-peg test was done to check the accuracy of the leveling instrument. After transferring the R.L. to the T.B.M. then, the R.L. was transferred to the control points of the major traverse as well as to the control points of the minor traverse.

Ø 2l^st April, 22^nd April, Minor traversing and leveling day: - On that day taping of the minor traverse was done as done that for major traverse. In the given area loop was made to cover that area, which did not covered from the major and minor control points. Then the angular and length measurements were done for minor traverse with the help of Theodolite. For that only the single set of reading was taken. And Simultaneously the R.L. was transferred to the all stations. On that day, detailing was done by using theodolite. After setting the theodolite at any major or minor station horizontal zero was set in one of the traverse leg and required vertical angle, horizontal angle & three wire reading were taken.

Ø 23^rd April, Evaluation day: - In this day different curves are setted, two peg tests is done, And lastly Evaluation of group and individual are done by teachers with the help of viva.

PLANNING AND ORGANIZING SURVEY CAMP

This year, the ten days long the third year students of Nepal Engineering College undertook survey camp. The camping venue was Nepal Electricity Authority Training Center, Kharipati, Bhaktapur and Godawari sites for bridges and road survey.

This is the survey report of the works performed by the group “I” having members of five. The report briefly describes the working procedures and techniques used by the group during the camp. It also contained observations and calculations, methods of adjustments of error, main problem faced and their solutions.

For major traverse and detailing, compound of the NEA Training Center was divided into three areas and each survey group assigned to one area. The leveling was done from NTC Training Centre to about l400m towards Nagarkot. Bridge site survey was performed in the Godawari sites along with the road survey.

STUDENTS PARTICIPATION

Under ten days of survey camp almost all the students participated in all activities of the related survey. Except two, all the students of the college took participated in the camp. All the students were divided into nine groups with four students each in eight groups and one group having five members. From morning to the late night all the students works hard and fulfill all their activities, the students teachers correlations were also very good such that there is not any problems faced by the students. So for the ten days of the survey camp all the students of batch 2002 civil participated.

NECESSITY OF SURVEY CAMP

The preliminary work of every engineering project such as water supply scheme, highway, irrigation, bridges, building, hydropower etc. needs survey of the site before planning and estimation. The necessity of the survey camp was to train the students about various technical difficulties encountered at a survey site and to help them to develop a professional attitude in tackling them. The survey camp is necessity to promote all the basic knowledge of different surveying techniques and to compute and manipulate the observed data in the required accuracy and present it in diagrammatic and tabular form in order to understand by the other engineers easily and fastly.

The necessity of the survey camp can be understood from the way it has managed to clear the students to numerous doubts about the various fundamental principles. It has helped us to understand better the principles we had already known, viz, “working from whole to part” principle and it has also made aware to us with new ideas like “the nature of river and its topographical feature.”

We can say that no one becomes a good surveyor unless he/she has successfully completed the survey camp course. Hence it’s of great importance for all the civil engineering students.

OBJECTIVES OF SURVEY CAMP

The main objective of the survey camp is to provide knowledge of practical implementation of different survey works. The object of surveying is preparation of plan and topographical maps of area. Surveying is the first step for execution of any project.

Following are the some of the objectives of the survey camp:

a.     To give students an opportunity to improve theoretical and practical knowledge in engineering surveying under actual field conditions.

b.     To conduct topographical survey and prepare topographical map of the area as per given technical specifications.

c.      To produce high level technical manpower capable of undertaking works in surveying field.

d.     To develop self-confidence so that he/she can do work independently by solving field problems during survey works.

e.      To fix the minor traverse for detailing.

f.       To transfer the elevations of the known points of unknown points.

g.     Selection of the major control points in working field.

h.     Selection of safe and suitable alignment for roads.

i.       Selection of safe bridge location.

j.       Selection of the major control points in working field.

k.     To familiarize in handling different survey instruments.

l.       To be familiar with the team work as surveying is not a single person work

INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE CAMP

In this camp, the students are given a time limit as in the field. Hence the students not only have to work sincerely and carefully but also be quick and efficient to complete the assigned work in designed time with required accuracy. Thus the students built up the technical and analytical skill to handle the job to required specification. Students encountered many unexpected field problems and learn to solve it efficiently in the field. So this survey camp eliminates any confusion in students’ mind and helps to built up self- confidence to compete as professional engineer in the future.

As per the requirements laid out in the syllabus of Pokhara University, Nepal Engineering College offers the survey camp for third year civil students. This report details the works performed by group I. It briefly describes the following terms:

1. General information about the necessity and objective of the survey camping and some technical calculation to meet desired accuracy.

2. Conduction of work in the fields in sequential order and idea about computation of data from field observation.

3. Problems we had faced and our approach to overcome it.

4. The out come of this ten days camp works are as follows:

a. Topographical map of area of Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA).

b. Topographical map of bridge site over Karmanasa Khola with profile of river and cross section at every 15m interval.

c. A fly leveling from provided BM near the Tilkot

 INTRODUCTION

Surveying is the art of determining the relative positions of points on, above or beneath the surface of the earth by means of direct or indirect measurements of distance, direction and elevation. It also includes the art of establishing points by predetermined angular and linear measurements. It is the most important subject matter before and during all Engineering works like Civil Engineering works such designing and construction of highways, water supply systems, irrigation projects, buildings etc.

The main objectives of surveying courses allocated for civil engineering students is to promote them the basic knowledge of different surveying techniques relevant to civil engineering works in their professional practice. After completion of all surveying courses including ten days survey camp work organized by the Department of Survey, “Survey Instruction Committee” of NEPAL Engineering COLLEGE for better enhancement to students to use all surveying technique covered in lecture classes. The B.E. third year students of 2002 batch of about 40 students were on ten days survey camp during l4 April to 23rd April at NEA training center. The survey camp was taken as a part of course of four-year civil engineering study.

RAINFALL CLIMATE AND VEGETATION

Kharipati is quite windy as it lies at little bit higher altitude than Kathrnandu. But other climatic conditions are moderate and similar as that of Kathmandu. The average temperature during summer and winter are 25° C and 150 C respectively. According to central bureau of statistics, the annual temperature variation recorded is 350 C maximum and 40 C minimum. Alike in Kathmandu the rainfall is more in summer and less in winter.

As the climatic and environmental conditions of Kharipati is moderate and soil is good for cultivation. It is rich in green vegetation and cultivation. The main crops people adopt are rice, wheat, mustard, maize, pine etc. Beside these many orchards and small forests are seen on the area.

 TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY

Kharipati is at little bit higher altitude then Kathmandu valley at Bhaktapur district. The site has undulation ground suitable for our camp. Around the sites are the cultivated lands. The lands in this area are undulated and hilly. The geological structure is in good conditions, so there are no any geological disasters and eruptions. Soil types found are good for cultivation. So large area is used for cultivation. Thus as a whole the geologic as well as topographical conditions of Bageswori, VDC is good.

LOCATION,CLIMATIC CONDITION, TOPOGRAPHY AND ACCESSIBILY OF CAMP SITE 

Kharipati is located at about 20 km East from Kathmandu, and is situated in Bhaktapur district Bageswori V.D.C.-2. The camp area comprises the compound of Nepal Electricity Authority Training Center and its surrounding area.

Godawari is located at about 18 Km North from Kathrnandu and is situated in Lalitpur district near to Royal Botanical Garden.

Country      :Nepal                                               Nepal

Zone           :Bagmati                                           Bagmati

District       :Bhaktapur                                        Lalitpur

Location     :NEA Training centre, Kharipati.      Godawari

SURVEY

ENGINEERING CAMP SURVEY AT KATHMANDU

It is known fact that a Civil Engineer deals with various construction projects such as buildings, roads, water supply and irrigation schemes, transmission lines etc. These projects require efficient and capable Engineers having adequate knowledge of surveying and its practical applications in the field. To provide us with such knowledge and skill, Nepal Engineering College Changunarayan, Bhaktapur carried out 10 days survey camp in Kharipati and Godawari. “WE ARE VERY MUCH GRATEFUL TO OUR SURVEY INSTRUCTION COMMITTEE WHO HELPED US TO KNOW MUCH MORE ABOUT THE JOB TECHNIQUES FOR SURVEYING”.

It is our pleasure to present this detail report on survey field work held at Kharipati from 14th April to 23id April. The report is based on the activities of survey camp in Kharipati (Bhaktapur) and Godawari (Lalitpur). The camp was in Kharipati for seven days and Godawari for three days. The topographical map was drawn at the Nepal Electrical
Authority (NEA) Training Centre and the bridge site survey was done at the Godawari. The survey camp was organized by Department Of Civil Engineering, nec for the students of 2002 batch.

We would like to extend our sincere thanks to our teachers Asso. Prof. Shova Kant Dev and Asst. Prof. Jaya Ram Joshi for their guidance and considerable help during Survey camp in each and every aspecL However the service provided by the subordinating college staffs Mr. Krishna Bahadur Bhadel and Pradeep Thapa is not to be forgotten. We would like to thank Dr. Rekha Shrestha head of department of Civil Engineering for giving us opportunity to do survey camp. We are very pleased with the accommodation and logistics provided by NEA Training Centre and we would like to thank them for their kind support and cooperation.

Lastly our best regards goes to all the concerned who helped us directly or indirectly during the survey period.

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